Pauper Affidavit Template for England and Wales

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What is a Pauper Affidavit?

The term 'pauper affidavit' is a historical description for the sworn declaration of poverty used to access courts without paying fees. In England and Wales, this function is now served by the court fee remission scheme (Form EX160) and the Legal Aid Agency means assessment under LASPO 2012. Litigants with low income and limited capital can apply to have court issue fees waived, ensuring that access to justice is not denied solely on financial grounds.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the modern equivalent of a pauper affidavit in England and Wales?

The historical pauper affidavit has been replaced by the court fee remission application (Form EX160) and the Legal Aid Agency means assessment. A litigant who cannot afford court fees submits Form EX160 with evidence of income and savings. Legal aid for civil cases is assessed under the Civil Legal Aid (Merits Criteria) Regulations 2013.

Who qualifies for court fee remission in England and Wales?

Applicants qualify if their disposable monthly income and capital fall below the thresholds set by HM Courts and Tribunals Service. As of 2024, full remission is available where gross monthly income is below approximately £1,085 and capital (excluding the home) is below £3,000. Partial remission applies on a sliding scale above those levels.

What evidence must accompany a fee remission application?

Applicants must provide recent bank statements (typically three months), evidence of all income sources including benefits and employment, details of capital assets, and any documentary evidence of exceptional financial hardship. The court may request additional documents before making a determination.

Does a fee remission cover all costs of litigation?

No. Fee remission only waives court issue and hearing fees. It does not cover solicitor or barrister fees, expert witness costs, or the other party's legal costs if you lose. Legal aid under LASPO may fund representation in some civil matters, but the scope of civil legal aid has been significantly restricted since 2013.

Can a litigant in person use fee remission in family proceedings?

Yes. Fee remission is available across civil and family proceedings in England and Wales. Applicants in family matters such as divorce, financial remedy, or children proceedings submit Form EX160 alongside their court application. The remission applies to the issue fee and, where applicable, to hearing fees.

What happens if the court rejects a fee remission application?

The applicant can provide additional evidence and ask the court to reconsider. If the application is refused, the full fee must be paid before the case proceeds. In exceptional cases where a refusal would prevent access to justice, the court has an inherent jurisdiction under Article 6 ECHR to allow proceedings to continue without payment.

Is there a time limit for applying for fee remission in England and Wales?

The remission application should be submitted at the same time as the court application. Retrospective remission is available in limited circumstances, such as where the applicant was unaware of the scheme. Courts have discretion to allow late applications where there is a good reason for the delay.

Can fee remission be granted in appeal proceedings as well as first-instance cases?

Yes. Fee remission applies to both first-instance and appeal proceedings in the county court, High Court, and Court of Appeal. A fresh Form EX160 application should be submitted for each stage, as the court reassesses financial circumstances at each level rather than relying on an earlier grant.

Reviewed by

Swetha Meenal

Legal Engineer, GenieAI

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A lawyer, legal researcher and legal tech founder, Swetha has built AI products deployed inside Tier 1 firms and enterprises. She ensures GenieAI's alignment with the latest regulation and executes testing on the legal robustness of Genie output.

Reviewed by

Imad Mohammed Nazar

Legal Engineer, GenieAI

Imad Mohammed Nazar profile photo

A Skadden-trained M&A lawyer, Imad advised on cross-border transactions and contractual risk before moving into legal AI. He reviews GenieAI's output for compliance and enforceability across our 150+ supported jurisdictions, as well as facilitating external benchmarking.

Jurisdiction

England and Wales

Publisher

GenieAI

Category

Affidavit

Sector

Business

Cost

Free to use

Last updated

About the Pauper Affidavit

When you need to file a lawsuit or legal proceeding but cannot afford court fees, a Pauper Affidavit provides the legal pathway to access the courts without financial barriers. This sworn document, formally known as an In Forma Pauperis application, allows you to request that the court waive filing fees, service costs, and other court-related expenses based on your demonstrated inability to pay.

When do you need this document?

You need a Pauper Affidavit whenever you want to initiate or participate in court proceedings but lack sufficient financial resources to pay required fees. This includes filing civil lawsuits, appeals, bankruptcy cases, or responding to legal actions where court costs would create a financial hardship. The document is particularly valuable for individuals receiving government assistance, those with minimal income, or people facing temporary financial difficulties due to job loss, medical expenses, or other circumstances. Whether you're seeking damages in a personal injury case, filing for divorce, or appealing a court decision, this affidavit ensures your economic situation doesn't prevent you from seeking justice.

Key legal considerations

Your Pauper Affidavit must contain complete and accurate financial information, as providing false statements constitutes perjury under federal and state law. You'll need to disclose all sources of income, including employment wages, government benefits, family support, and any other monetary assistance. The court will also examine your assets such as bank accounts, real estate, vehicles, and personal property to assess your true financial capacity. Additionally, you must detail monthly expenses including housing, utilities, food, transportation, and debt payments to demonstrate that paying court fees would cause substantial hardship. Courts may request supporting documentation such as tax returns, pay stubs, or benefit statements to verify your claims.

Legal requirements in United States

Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915, federal courts must allow proceedings in forma pauperis when an applicant demonstrates genuine inability to pay fees. The statute requires you to submit an affidavit stating your assets and income, and most federal courts use standardized forms for consistency. State courts operate under similar principles but may have varying income thresholds and documentation requirements depending on jurisdiction. The 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause supports these fee waiver provisions, as established in Griffin v. Illinois, ensuring constitutional access to courts regardless of economic status. Some courts may require you to make partial payments if you have limited income, while others grant complete fee waivers for qualifying applicants. You should also be aware that if your financial situation improves during the proceedings, you may be required to pay previously waived fees.

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